The English Language Department
3rd prep
Chapter 13
“Thank God that no one near and dear to me is in the dreadful town tonight. May they have mercy on all who are in danger”
Those were Mr. Lorry’s ironical words as they had double meaning. What did he really mean? What took place after his words and how it ended up?
• Mr. Lorry said these words while he was watching the mob in the square celebrating the killing of the nobles. Mr Lorry was horrified from what he saw, as the people gathered in front of the grindstone to sharpen their knives. Their clothes were covered with the aristocrats' blood whom they were killing in the middle of the streets. They looked very savage and barbaric to the extent that Lorry thanked God that nobody dear to him was in France. Those words were ironic as the moments he finished he discovered that all those dear to him were actually in France, Dr Manette, Lucy, Miss Pross, little Lucy were all here to search for Darnay who was taken as a prisoner at La Force prison. Dr Manette told Mr Lorry that they knew that Darnay was at prison. They heard noise in the street,Mr Lorry warned Dr Manette not to look but he insisted saying that he was used to those terrible view from the time he was in prison.. Dr Manette convinced Lorry that he could save Darnay as he could use his power as an ex bastille prisoner and a former sufferer. He was sure that they consider Manette a friend to the republic
Chapter 14
1. How did Mr. Lorry show that he’s a very conservative character who had a sense of belonging to Tellson’s Bank?
Mr. Lorry is a very conservative character and his very loyal to his bank. He didn't want to shelter an emigrant wife as this might harm Tellson's bank. Lorry rented a house for the Manettes and he left Jerry to guard them.
2. Dr. Manette sent two messages. What were they? To whom were they sent? What were the recipients’ reactions?
• M. Defarge brought two messages one from Dr. Manette to Lorry telling him that Darnay is safe and that he couldn't leave him as he wants to assure his safety and asking him to take Defarge to Lucie as he has another message from Darnay to Lucie .
• Lorry was happy and took Defarge to Lucie and her daughter. Both Mme Defarge and her friend the Vengeance accompanied them. They told Mr Lorry that they need to see Lucie and her daughter to protect them when it's necessary which of course was ironical as they were planning to kill them all to achieve their target which was exterminate the Evremonde's family.
• After Lucie had read Darnay's message she was very happy to know that her husband is safe and that her father has a great influence on the republicans , she kept thanking Mme Defarge and she was about to kiss her hands for bringing such great news but Mme Defarage pulled her hands and she demanded to see little Lucie .
3. The carmagnole is a gypsy dance which reflects the barbaric deeds of the mobs towards the killing of the aristocrats.
Chapter 15
1-The president and all the spectators were against Darnay asking for “Take off his head”. Elaborate narrating what happened in Darnay's second trial.
• It was Darnay 2nd trial .The court had totally changed it used to be a very respectable , quiet place but now it became a messy place where the audience are carrying weapons , eating and drinking , commenting on the judge's words applauding, anticipating . They were the worst audience
• Accusation being an emigrant .
• Darnay defended himself saying that : he had come as a free traveler to save his old servant Gabelle , he was working in England as a French teacher to earn his own living as he didn't want to live on the money collected from the poor people , he gave his title and property before the marquis' death and after his death he gave order to Gabelle to stop collecting taxes and rents , he also left before the law of emigrant was issued last he is married to a French lady by birth and she is the only daughter of Dr.Manette the ex-Bastille prisoner
• Witnesses Dr.Manette and Gabelle
• Manette's testimony was that Darnay is a loyal friend who stood by him after he was released from prison also he is a faithful husband to his only daughter and that he was tried in England for being a French spy
• Gabelle's testimony was that he confirmed Darnay's words that he had sent him a letter
• The audience attitude was totally changed after hearing Dr Manette
• The verdict not guilty
Chapter 16
1-Sydney Carton said, “this is a desperate time when desperate games are played for desperate stakes. Let the doctor play the winning game, I will play the losing one”
a. What is meant by the word “desperate”?(dictionary work)
b. What did Sydney mean by his words?
c. How did he try to fulfill it ?
• Shortly after Darnay was acquitted from the crime of being an emigrant, he was arrested again as he was denounced by M. Defarge and Mme Defarge and a third one.
Later we will discover that the third one is Dr. Manette not in person but Defarge is going to use the paper he had found in the Bastille while searching Dr. Manette's cell.
• Carton took Barsad the spy to Tellson's bank, they were informed by Barsad that Darnay was re- arrested . Carton said that he would let Manette play the winning game as if he succeeded, this will spare Carton's life and he will play the loosing game as if Dr. Manette failed Carton will play the loosing game as it would mean that he would have to sacrifice his life to fulfill his promise to Lucie.
Chapter 17 - 20
1- Carton passed through many stages to fulfill his plan to save Darnay.
*Carton told Lorry that he had made an arrangements with Barsad to visit Darnay in
Prison. Lorry couldn't understand what's the benefit of visiting him if there is nothing
they could do to him.
*Carton made Lorry promise him 2 things : never to mention in front of Lucie that he
was here in Paris and never to mention any of his arrangement to visit Darnay
*Carton arrived at a chemist shop, he entered and asked for sleeping pills. The chemist
gave him two packets and warned him never to mix them together.
*Carton went to attend Darnay's trial, but he was hiding as he didn’t want anyone to
see him.
*Carton decided that he should show himself to the people especially in St Antoine
so as to make them know that there is someone who looks exactly like Darnay but
English. He headed towards the wine shop, Mme Defarge realized the resemblance between Carton and Darnay and told the other Jacques.Carton acted as if he can't
understand French at all as he wanted them to talk freely in front of him.
* While he was with Mr. Lorry and Dr. Manette, the passing paperof all the family fell from Manette's coat. Carton quickly took it and put his passing paper among them and gave them all to Mr.Lorry saying that he is afraid to take his papers with him while visiting Darnay in prison.
*Carton gave orders to lorry to prepare a carriage at exactly 2o'clock. Everybody
• should be in waiting for him in the court yard. As soon as Mr Lorry sees Carton, he should let him in and never speak to him and drive as fast as he could towards the border.Also he told him to make sure to have all the passing papers with him including Carton's.
• * Barsad took Carton to Darnay's cell. Darnay was very much surprised to see Carton in his cell but Carton told him there is no time and he should obey his orders. Darnay thought that Carton was helping him to escape but it never occurred to him that he was planning to replace him. They started by exchanging their clothes and Carton took the ribbon from Darnay's hair. Carton told Darnay to write what he dictates him . It was a goodbye letter to Lucie but Darnay had no idea in this letter he was reminding Lucie of his promise and that
he doesn't regret doing such a sacrifice. He wants Darnay to write the letter to make him busy while he will come from behind and make him unconscious using the sleeping powder he had bought earlier After Darnay lost conscious Barsad brought some guards to carry Darnay thinking that he was the visitor not the prisoner.
2-The core of the chapter “The Paper” is a whole revelation of the whole truth of
Defarge’s story & Manette’s involvement.
Dr. Manette was taken by the Evermonde twins to their house where there was a young girl who was tied up. After giving her some medicine, the twins took him to another room where there was a young boy stabbed and dying. He narrated to Manette their story. He belongs to avery poor family of peasants and his sister was married to a poor tenant at Evremondes . While the marquis was passing he saw his sister admired her and asked her husband to lend
her to him . The husband of course refused, as a punishment he was made to work day and
night until he died. They took the sister by force which caused her father death.
The boy decided to take revenge, so he hid his younger sister and went to the Marquis palace. He had a duel with the Marquis and was stabbed by him. Finally, the boy cursed all the
Evremonde's family till the end of their race.
The brothers heard the boy telling Manette the story so they asked him never to
repeat what he had seen or heard to anyone and they offered him money but he
refused to take it. Later the girl died as well.
Manette was suffering an inner conflict. He didn't know what to do until he finally decided
to write a letter to the minister telling him what he had witnessedalthough he knew the influence those people have on the court
The Marquis' wife came with her son to visit Dr. Manette and told him that she knew what her husband had done and that she wanted to help the poor girl, but Manette told her that the girl died and that he had no idea where her younger sister was ( Mme Defarge ) the lady told him that she was afraid that one day her son had to pay for the wrongs done by his family.
Manette sent the letter and on the same day he saw the two brothers holding the letter he had sent to the minister and they sent Manette to the Bastille by a letter de cachet
At the end of the letter Manette denounced the whole Evremondes family on earth
and in heaven as well.
3-Why did Mme Defarge say “Tell the wind & Fire where to stop, but don’t tell me”
M.Defarge tried to convince Mme Defarge to stop taking revenge at this point, but
she aggressively answered that she will never stop until she exterminates the
whole family and she confessed to the Jacques that she was the little girl whom
• the brother had hidden before dying. Mme Defarge compared her revenge to the wind and fire once it started it can never be stopped. In front of the guillotine, Mme Defarge asked her friend Vengeance to reserve a place to her at the front as she didn't want to miss Darnay's execution. She ordered the wood sawyer to go quickly to denounce Lucie and she will go to her house to make sure that she doesn't escape as she was afraid that her husband might warn the Manettes as she saw how much he sympathized with them.
Miss Pross tried to delay Mme Defarge by acting as if Lucie was in one of the locked rooms.
• When Mme Defarge felt that Pross was delaying her, she wanted to hurry out butPross stood in front of her and tried to prevent her from leaving. she used her
pistol and shot Pross but luckily the bullet passed near Pross's ear Pross became
deaf but she won't realize until she goes outside the house .Pross took the gun and shot Defarge. She was able to kill her.
Carton's Prophecies
1. The old oppressors of Nobles are replaced by new ones of the revolutionaries like
Defarges. A new generation would struggle to correct the wrongs done by this
generation.
2. He saw lucie carrying a new born baby boy to whom she had given the name Sydney
3. The new Sydney will a better life than Carton. He will succeed in everything Carton had
failed in. His sacrifice will pass from generation to generation so Carton
achieved immortality, he will be always remembered .
Quotations:
Chapter 13
Part 3:Comment:
a)This was said by one of the guards to Charles Darnay when he was arrested on his way to Paris.The guard told Charles that he has to go to Paris under an escort and he has to pay for it. When Charles tried to defend himself , telling him that he was a free traveler and that he came to Paris on his own free will and he was shocked to be called a prisoner and an emigrant. The guard told him that emigrants had no rights according to the new laws which were issued after the French Revolution.
b)Defarge said these words to Charles Darnay when he was taking him to La force. He was greatly upset to see Charles in Paris because of his sense of loyalty to Dr Manette. He knew what miserable destiny was waiting for him .( Mention how Darnay was arrested)
(a)
C)Dr Manette said this to Mr Lorry after his arrival in Paris .dr Maneete was sure of his wide popularity in Paris as he was a former prisoner in the Bastille and the mob knew about his miserable sufferings due to his long unfair imprisonment by a lettre de cachet. He was certain that the people would listen to him. Mr Lorry advised him to use his influence to help Charles as soon as possible as any delay might not be in Charles favour.
Chapter 14:
a)Monsieur Defarge said this Mr. Lorry when he delivered him a letter from Dr. Menette telling him that Darnay was safe and ok in prison as he was the prison physician. Monsieur Defarge had to deliver another letter from Darnay to Lucie telling her that he was ok. Madame Defarge wanted to accomapany Monsieur Defarge to where Lucy was staying assuming that she wanted to recognize the faces for their own safety. Of course this was ironical , since she was intending to harm them as their names were on her list of destruction because they were members of the Evremondes family.
b)Lucy said this to Mr Lorry after Madame Defarge's visit to her. Lucy ,feeling so thankful and grateful after Monsieur and Madame Defarge delivered a message from Charles to Lucy, comforting her and asking her to be brave, Lucy turned and kissed one of Madame Defarge's hands. Her reaction was so cold that it shocked Lucy. Lucy felt that this dreadful woman has thrown a dark shadow on her as well as her little daughter .She didn't mean to be thankless ,but she had that strange feeling that something evil was going to happen. Mr Lorry, though he had the same feeling, tried to hide it from Lucy so as not to worry her more and tried to comfort her.
c)Lucy said this to Dr Manette when she was expressing her fears that Charles was at the mercy of these savage people. She was in the street where there was an upper window in prison where Charles can wave to her and his daughter. She was watching the savage mob dancing the Carmangole dance, celebrating the execution of the aristocrats and taking revenge.
Chapter 15
1- 'Take off his head!An enemy to the republic!'
This was said by the audience in the court in Charles second trial when he was accused of being an aristocrat and an emigrant.Charles had to go to Paris to save Gabelle who sent him a letter begging him to save him ,as he was arrested and was prisoned and accused of working against the people. Charles was stopped on the road to Paris and has been called prisoner and was forced to go under an escort and had to pay for it. He tried to defend himself by telling the guards that he had come on his own free will and that he was a free traveler , but no one listened. He was accused of being an emigrant who had no rights according to the new laws that were issued after the French revolution that emigrants had no rights and they should be executed.
Chapter 16
1)Dr Manette said this to Lucy when they were celebrating Charles freedom after the second trial. They heard footsteps on the stairs and a knock on the door. Lucy was frightened and asked Charles to hide quickly, when Dr Manette tried to comfort her telling her that Charles had been set free. Unfortunately, some guards came and rearrested Charles for the second time telling them that he had been denounced by three people ,Monsieur Defarge, Madame Defarge and a third one who they refused to reveal his identity.
2)Sydney Carton said this to Mr Lorry when he arrived in Paris and went to Mr Lorry and took Barsad with him. He explained to Mr Lorry that Barsad had good communications from which they knew that Charles had been rearrested . He also could help Carton to visit Charles in prison.
3)Carton said this to Barsad when he was threatening him by mentioning his past. Barsad had been a spy for the English Aristocratic government when he denounced Charles and accused hi of treason. Also, he had been a spy to the French Aristocratic government when he was sent to Saint Antoine and Defarge's wine shop. Barsad had no alternative but to complt to whatever Carton asks him to do. However he added that he couldn't get anybody out of prison as that was impossible. Carton told him that he wouldn't ask him that.
Chapter 17
1- This quote was said by Carton to Mr. Lorry when he showed his tears for Lucie's sadness over Darnay's third trial. He was condemned guilty for being an emigrant and was about to be excuted. Mr. Lorry felt sorry for Lucie as she fainted, he felt helpless as he was 78 years old, had no family but he cared so much for the Manettes. Carton showed his empathy to Mr. Lorry and comforted him that his case is much better than a man like him who has no one to care for him. In this quote, Carton's self sacrifice for Lucie is forshadowed.
2- This quote is taken from the bible and Carton reads it when he decides to visit his father's grave before he carries on with his plan to save Darnay. It means that whoever sacrifices for others will be everlasted remembered. Dickens prepares us through this quote to the grand sacrifice Carton is about to do and that it is a great compensation for him. He cared for no one and no one cared for him in his life yet after his death he will be remembered.
Chapter 18:
1- This is part of the Paper that Dr. Manette has written in prison and was used by Mme Defarge and Monsieur Defarge to denounce Darnay in his third trial. Dickens here is using the flashback technique to recall how Dr. Manette was given a lettre de cachet. Dr. Manette here describes how the elder brother of the evermonde brothers treated his peasant after stabbing him. The boy attacked the marquis after his sister was rapped but he stabbed him to defend himself. He was left for 24 hours before asking for a physician's help with mal treatment that his life to them was of no value similar to that of animals'.
2- This quote was said by the boy who was stabbed by the elder brother ( the marquis) to Dr. manette. It was part of the Paper that the defarges found in Dr. Manette's cell and used it to denounce Darnay in his third trial. The boy recalled to Dr. Manette that he was stabbed because his sister was rapped by the maquis and he tried to revenge for her. He also recalled how her husband died after he refused to give his wife to the marquis and how their father died after he heard the bad news. He also said that he had to hide a his younger sister(Mme Defarge) so as not to be harmed like his other sister. At the end of his story, he denounced the Evermond's family to the end of their race.
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